ONE "SINNER" STARTS TO REPENT

Below is a very interesting report by Matt Ridley in the Times. His "journey" is both interesting and instructive.

September 04, 2010

This month, after a three-year investigation, Harvard University suspended
a prominent professor of psychology for scandalously overinterpreting
videos of monkey behaviour.

The incident has sent shock waves through science because it suggests a
body of data is unreliable. The professor, Marc Hauser, is now a pariah in
his field and his papers have been withdrawn. But the implications for
society are not great; no policy had been based on his research.

This week, after a four-month review, a committee of scientists concluded
that the Nobel prizewinning UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
has "assigned high confidence to statements for which there is very little
evidence, has failed to enforce its own guidelines, has been guilty of too
little transparency, has ignored critical review comments and has had no
policies on conflict of interest".

Enormous and expensive policy changes have been based on the flawed work
of these scientists. Yet there is apparently to be no investigation,
blame, suspension or withdrawal of papers, just a gentle bureaucratic
fattening of the organisation with new full-time posts.

IPCC reports are supposed to be the gold standard account of what is - and
is not - known about global warming. The panel boasts that it uses only
peer-reviewed scientific literature.

But its claims about mountain ice turned out to be anecdotes from a
climbing magazine, its claims on the Amazon's vulnerability to drought
from a Brazilian pressure group's website and 42 per cent of the
references in one chapter proved to be to reports by Greenpeace, World
Wildlife Fund and other "grey" literature.

This week's review finds guidelines on the use of this grey literature
"are vague and have not always been followed".

For instance, the claim that glaciers in the Himalayas would disappear by
2035 seems to have been based on a misprint (for 2350) in a document
issued by a pressure group. When several reviewers challenged the
assertion in draft, they were ignored.

When Indian scientists challenged it after publication, they were not just
dismissed but vilified and accused of "voodoo science" by IPCC chairman
Rajendra Pachauri.

By contrast, when two academics, Ross McKitrick and Pat Michaels, found a
strong link between temperature rise and local economic development -
implying that recent warming is partly down to local, not global factors -
their paper was ignored for two drafts, despite many review comments
drawing attention to the omission. It was finally given a grudging
reference, with a false assertion that the data was rebutted by other data
that turned out to be nonexistent.

We now know the back story of this episode: the emails leaked from the
University of East Anglia include this from professor Phil Jones,
referring to exactly this paper: "I can't see either of these papers being
in the next IPCC report. Kevin and I will keep them out somehow - even if
we have to redefine what the peer-review literature is!"

(Note that the IPCC had appointed Jones as co-ordinating lead author to
pass judgment on his own papers as well as those of his critics. Learning
nothing, it has appointed one of Jones's closest colleagues for the next
report. This is asking not to be taken seriously.)

These are not merely procedural issues. They have real consequences for
science and society. All the errors and biases that have come to light in
recent months swerve in the direction of exaggerating the likely effect of
climate change.

According to economist Richard Tol, one part of the 2007 report (produced
by Working Group 2) systematically overstated the adverse effects of
climate change, while another section (written by Working Group 3)
systematically understated the costs of emissions reduction. Indur
Goklany, an independent science scholar, likewise noticed that the report
had quoted a study that estimated the number of people at increased risk
of (reduced? BB) water shortage in the future as a result of climate
change, but omitted to mention the same source's estimate of the number of
people at decreased risk.

The latter number was larger in all cases, so that "by the 2080s the net
global population at risk declines by up to 2.1 billion people".

This is not a new problem. The unilateral redrafting of IPCC reports by
lead authors after reviewers had agreed them, and the writing of a
sexed-up "summary for policymakers" before the report was complete, have
discomfited many scientists since the first report. It is no great
surprise that the experts who compiled one part of the 2007 report
included three from Greenpeace, two Friends of the Earth representatives,
two Climate Action Network representatives and a person each from the
activist organisations WWF, Environmental Defence Fund and the David
Suzuki Foundation.

Frankly, the whole process, not just the discredited Pachauri (in
shut-eyed denial at a press conference this week), needs purging or it
will drag down the reputation of science with it.

One of the most shocking things for those who champion science, as I do,
has been the sight of the science establishment reacting to each scandal
in climate science with indifference or contempt. The contrast with the
thorough investigation of the Hauser affair is striking.

Three years ago, not having paid much attention, I thought IPCC reports
were reliable, fair and transparent. No longer.

Despite coming from a long line of coalmining entrepreneurs, I'm not a
denier: I think carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. I'm not even a sceptic
(yet): I think the climate has warmed and will warm further.

But I am now a "lukewarmer" who has yet to see any evidence saying that
the present warming is, or is likely to be, unprecedented, fast or tending
to accelerate.

So I have concluded that global warming will most probably be a fairly
minor problem - at least compared with others such as poverty and habitat
loss - for nature as well as people.

After watching the ecologically and economically destructive policies
enacted in its name (biofuels, wind power), I think we run the risk of
putting a tourniquet around our collective necks to stop a nosebleed.

The Times

Matt Ridley is the author of The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves
(Fourth Estate).